The colour of the clear sky appears blue due to the process of scattering of light by the molecules of air and other fine particle present in the atmosphere. These particles have size smaller than the wavelength of visible light.
The amount of scattering of light is depends upon the
wavelength of light. This effect is discovered by Lord Rayleigh. According to
Rayleigh's law, the intensity of scattered light varies inversely as the fourth
power of its wavelength.
Sun rays consist of seven colors in its light and all
have a different wavelength. The blue colour light have smallest wavelength and
red colour have longest.
When Sun rays passes through the atmosphere, these fine
particles of air scatter the blue colour more strongly than red. The scattered
blue colour reaches to our eyes. Our eyes respond most strongly to basic colours
red, green and blue. Hence the colour of the clear sky appears blue.
If you observe a sky at very high altitudes or outside
the atmosphere, the sky, would appear dark or black. This is because at very
high the process of scattering is not possible outside the atmosphere.
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